Laser beam machining is a thermal energybased advanced machining process in which material is removed by focusing the laser beam on the work surface at a constant distance to melt and vaporize the unwanted work material. Process characteristics it is one of the faster cutting processes. Here the lasing material is in the form of a solid ruby. Process modeling is developed to gain more physical insights into the process behavior, e. Laser cutting is mainly a thermal process in which a focused laser beam is used to melt material in a localised area. Characteristics of laser beams for machining springerlink. Apr 21, 2017 laser material interactions a great advantage of laser machining is capability to machine any kind of material, not necessarily conductive, depending on laser intensity and interaction time. A continuous cut is produced by moving the laser beam or workpiece under cnc control. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining. It became the major structural material that substitutes metals in many weightcritical components such as the new a350 and the b787 aircrafts, with composite content to exceed the 50%. Laser power, spot diameter of the laser beam, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Laser beams are being used for a variety of industrial applications, including heat treatment, welding, measurement as well as cutting, drilling, slitting, slotting. Electron beam machining ebm diagram, working, advantages. Current research and development in laser beam machining \lbm\.
Laser beam machining an overview sciencedirect topics. Laser beam gaussian beam round trip phase front diffraction loss. These unique characteristics of laser beam are useful in processing of materials. Laser beam machining lbm is a non conventional machining manufacturing process, a form of machining, in which a laser is directed towards the work piece for machining. Introduction of laser beam machining process duration. Laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of materials. Introduction laser beam machining lbm is a novel thermal energy based advanced machining process which can be used for machining a wide range of materials. Nov 05, 2014 laser beam machining used light energy from a laser to remove material by vaporization and ablation energy is concentrated optically laser emits either continuous or pulsed light beam 5 source. Laser machining process lmp is one of seven modules of this project. Request pdf laser beam machining the cost of cutting hardtomachine materials by conventional mechanical machining processes is high due to the low material removal rate and.
Laser beam is focussed for melting and vaporizing the unwanted material from the parent material. A coaxial gas jet is used to eject the molten material and create a kerf. Generally speaking, these processes include laser drilling, laser cutting, and laser grooving, marking or scribing. Dec, 2018 carbon fiber reinforced polymer cfrp composites gained wide acceptance in aerospace, automotive and marine industries due to their superior properties.
The heat energy so produced is used to melt and vaporize the materials from the wp. Electron beam machining is same as laser beam machining process in which except laser, high speed electron beam impinges on work piece. This beam can be focused by means of a lens on a very small spot in the work piece. Parametric analysis of cutting parameters for laser beam. Electron beam machining ebm and laser beam machining lbm. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
There are so many process parameters which affect the quality of machined surface cut by lbm. Laser beam machining lbm is thermal processes considering the mechanisms of material removal. Hence, laser light has greater intensity when compared to the ordinary light. How laser beam welding works laser beam welding process laser beam welding setup. It also includes micronanofinishing processes viz, abrasive flow finishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, etc. In this process, a laser beam of high energy is made to strike on the workpiece, the thermal energy of the laser gets transferred to the surface of the wp workpiece. Yag lasers are mostly used for industrial purposes. Paper open access related content optimization and analysis. Laser beam machining lbm is one of the advanced machining processes which are used for shaping almost whole range of engineering materials. Laser beam machining free download as powerpoint presentation. In laser, the light spreads in small region of space and in a small wavelength range.
In this process, a laser beam is focused for melting and vaporizing to. Research scholar, department of production engineering, kits college of engineering, shivaji. In this process, the laser beam is called monochromatic light, which is made to focus on the workpiece to be machined by a lens to give extremely high energy density to melt and vaporize any material. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic surfaces.
Taper formation is the most important characteristics during laser microhole percussion drilling operation due to the inherent focusing characteristics of the laser machining process 7. It is used to machine both metallic and nonmetallic material. Electron beam machining is a thermal process used for metal removal during the machining process. Laser beam machining of carbon fiber reinforced composites. Ultrasonic machining, water jet machining, abrasive water jet machining. Investigation of effect of laser beam machining lbm. In the electron beam machining process, a high velocity focused beam of electrons are used to remove the metal from the workpiece. Part 2 deals with thermal machining processes for example, electric discharge machining, laser beam machining, electron beam machining, etc. Laser beam machining lbm is one amongst the foremost widely used thermal energy based noncontact kind advance machining method which may be applied for nearly whole vary of materials. Investigation of effect of laser beam machining lbm process.
Characteristics analysis of laser beam machining process. Mar 31, 2017 it is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. Laser beam machining lbm is a novel thermal energy based advanced machining process which can be used for machining a wide range of materials. Laser beam machining process is used for making very small holes.
This process is generally used for the highprecision manufacture of. Cast plates were then milled to a dimension of 1001005mm and subjected to laser beam machining operation. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining using. Material removal processes machining is the broad term used to describe removal of material from a workpiece includes cutting, abrasive processes grinding, advanced machining processes electrical, chemical, thermal, hydrodynamic, lasers automation began when lathes were introduced in 1700s. Laser beam machining can replace the traditional machining processes for various industrial applications due to several following advantages.
In the electrical beam machining, electrical energy is used to generate the electrons with high energy. Apr 08, 2017 in an electron beam machining, the electrons strike the workpiece with a high velocity. This will generate high heat energy and melts and vaporize metal from work piece. In contrast to some other processes, laser operates using high energy photons therefore there is not a typical tool as the laser beam directly targets. How laser beam welding works laser beam welding process.
Laser assisted machining process and machine utilizing multiple distributed laser units that are strategically distributed around the workpiece being machined to simultaneously heat the workpiece, creating a desired temperature distribution for laser assisted machining. Laser beam machining lbm is a non conventional process in which material removal takes place through melting and vaporization of metal when the laser beam comes in contact with the metal surface. The laser beam is incident on the workpiece surface with the axis of the beam perpendicular to the material surface. It is an optic laser system, in which the cutting head moves is x, y and z axes to process the work piece. Ppt laser beam machining powerpoint presentation free to. Over the past 20 years, laser machining technology has found its way into many industrial applications, such as welding 123, cutting 4, 5, drilling 6,7. Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Drilling, cutting, grooving, turning and trilling are the applications of lbm with. Laser beam machining, cutting speed, laser power, gas pressure, taguchi methodology, minitab.
The following application of laser beam machining is. Laser beam welding is a welding process that uses a laser beam to melt and vaporize material. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Complicated welding of nonconductive and refractory materials. The laser beam machining lbm process is a noncontact process that melts and vaporizes material from the parent material 8. Ppt laser beam machining powerpoint presentation free.
The high power radiation of laser gives rise to high temperature on a small area of work piece. Laser beam machining lbm is a form of machining process in which laser beam is used for the machining of metallic and nonmetallic materials. Laser beam machining lbm kcg college of technology. Laser beam gaussian beam round trip phase front diffraction loss these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. May 02, 2017 laser beam machining lbm is a form of machining process in which laser beam is used for the machining of metallic and nonmetallic materials. Yag laser during microgrooving operation on at surface of aluminium titanate in order to optimize the parametric setting for achieving accurate taper angles. In this process, a laser beam is focused for melting and vaporizing to remove material from the workpiece as per the desired shape 1. The main advantages of laser beam machining are ease of automation for complex cutting patterns, absence of tool wear and. This initiates the cutting process in the work material. As the electron strikes the workpiece, the kinetic energy of the electron changes into heat energy.
Laser beam machining lbm, response surface methodology rsm, genetic algorithm ga, optimization. Introduction now a day there is many new technologies were incurred in manufacturing field. It is thermal, noncontact process, which does not induce any mechanical stresses in the workpiece. It is a nonconventional machining process in which no tool is used. In this machining process metal is removed by melting and vaporization of metal particle from surface of work piece. Laser material interactions a great advantage of laser machining is capability to machine any kind of material, not necessarily conductive, depending on laser intensity and interaction time. Current research and development in laser beam machining lbm. The main operating parameters associated with laser assisted machining are. Review on laser beam machining process parameter optimization. Lbm advantages in laser machining there is no physical tool. Cutting temperature and laser beam temperature effects on.
Laser cutting of conventional materials has become a reliable technology for industrial production. Effect of different parameters on the lbm process like cutting speed, polarization. Laser beam machining is a form of nontraditional machining that can machine almost any known materials. Three important attributes of laser light mechanism of metal removal design considerations laser beam machining parameters process characteristics advantages and limitations applications. In lbm, surface roughness is one of important response which affects the quality characteristics of product. Laser beam machining process uses highly coherent light source. Laser beam machining main parts, principle, working with. The laser machining process can be modeled with the circular disc, heat source moving along the z direction with a constant velocity v. Laser beam machining or more broadly laser material processing deals with machining and material processing like heat treatment, alloying, cladding, sheet metal bending. Laser beam machining deals with machining and material processing like heat treatment, alloying.
618 1620 78 1315 1360 152 144 1622 840 1177 1442 794 228 806 684 1560 235 1471 350 1134 666 1441 469 131 739 935 84 314 1466